
Melastome petals covering the ground in our Rio Zunac Reserve. Photo: Lou Jost
[Traduccion en espanol abajo]
The world constantly bombards us with countless stimuli. Our brains, to keep from being overloaded by all of this input, actively filter out the things that don’t interest us before they even reach our consciousness. People who aren’t birdwatchers literally do not see or hear most of the birds that are everywhere around them. People who don’t care about insects think there are only two or three kinds of fly, though their eyes have probably seen hundreds of kinds. This filtering is not a bad thing; the world, especially our tropical world, is overwhelming in its diversity. If we paid attention to everything we would see nothing. If I paid attention to every moss and fungus and mite and diatom and mosquito and algae, I would never walk more than two steps into the forest.
But our filters can be broken down. I remember the exact day that I first started really seeing birds; I was a child and a Yellow-shafted Flicker landed in our yard, with its striking pattern of gold and black and tan, and its crazy call. I got a bird book, and from that moment the world of birds was visible to me. I have seen other people suddenly discover birds, or plants, or moss, or insects, and their world is suddenly tranformed.
September 28 2014 was a day like that. Until that date I had not paid much attention to trees. Though I had participated in the discoveries of Meriania aurata and Blakea attenboroughii, these were strikingly unusual, and I imagined they were isolated cases. But earlier that year, my friends John Clark and David Neill, with students from the University of Alabama, had noticed two curious Magnolia tree species in our Rio Zunac Reserve. The world expert on neotropical Magnolias, Dr. Antonio Vazquez, confirmed that they were new endemic species. Of course I wanted to go see them, so I hiked to our Zunac research station with Antonio, several of his students, and our reserve guards Fausto Recalde and Luis Recalde. I was thinking more about trees than usual, and I began to notice a lot of purple melastome flower petals on the forest floor, from the genus Meriania.

More melastome confetti. Photo: Lou Jost.
Nothing unusual about that; these are a common feature of our forests. But on this day, as trees were on my mind, I finally noticed that there was not just one species of purple melastome here, but several species. I decided to start looking more closely at the melastomes as we continued our trek.
When we got to the new Magnolia species after two days of hiking, I saw one of the weirdest Meriania of the trip. This was a hummingbird-pollinated Meriania, and it literally dripped nectar from its flowers. None of the other Meriania flowers we saw that day had any detectable nectar. Specialists are still examining these photos; they are not sure of its identity.

The hummingbird-pollinated Meriania of our Rio Zunac Reserve. Photo: Lou Jost.

Side view of the tubular flower, typical of hummingbird flowers. Photo: Lou Jost

As in most melastomes, the anthers are “salt-shakers” full of pollen, and here the anther pores are visible with white pollen on them. Photo: Lou Jost
As we continued hiking to and past the Magnolias on the second day of our expedition, we also began to find orange fallen melastome petals. Some were the now-familar bright orange fallen petals of Meriania aurata, but this time I noticed that there were also other slightly lighter orange petals nearby, belonging to a different species of Meriania that I had never seen before. We later realized that this was Meriania pastazana, a rare endemic species that had only been collected a few times in the past.

Our now-famous Meriania aurata. Photo: Lou Jost

We later learned that this species, similar to M. aurata but with different leaves, calyx, and anthers, was Meriania pastazana, a rare species that appears to be endemic to our region. Photo: Lou Jost.
And there were more purple fallen petals, of species different from the purple ones of the previous day. I set myself and my guards to start looking for all the large-flowerd melastomes we could find in this area. Over the course of that day and the next, our eyes were opened and we found what seemed like an endless variety, at least three of them new to science!

Fallen flowers of Meriania drakei (determined later by melastome specialist Diana Fernandez) were scattered on the path. Photo: Lou Jost

Flower of Meriania drakei. Photo: Lou Jost
Fausto and Luis then found a white Meriana. I didn’t even know there were white ones. It turned out to be a new species, which David Neill and John Clark had first noticed in their Magnolia study plots a few months earlier. The photos I took on this trip seem to be the only photos in existence of the flower. The article describing it has not yet been published.

An unusual new Meriania, which is a new species currently being described from our Rio Zunac Reserve. Photo: Lou Jost.
We climbed higher, beyond the areas with the two new Magnolia species. There we found an incredibly intensely colored red-purple Meriania. The flower buds were nearly black with pigment. This also turned out to be a new species, as determined by Diana Fernandez and Agnes Dellinger a few years later when they came to investigate our reserve after seeing these photos. The species has just been published today (open access):
Two new species of Meriania (Melastomataceae) from eastern Ecuador
Diana Fernandez, Lou Jost, and Agnes Dellinger
We have named it Meriania ardyae, to honor Ardy van Ooij, who, together with Henri Botter, have been supporting the Rio Zunac Reserve continuously for many years.

Another new species: Meriania ardyae. Photo: Lou Jost

Another view of the flowers of M. ardyae. Photo: Lou Jost.

The microscopic ornamentation on the stems of Meriania ardyae. None of our other local Meriania species have anything like these. It pays to look at the microscopic details of plants!!! Photo: Lou Jost.
Later that day we came down from the mountain to spend the night in our research station and watch the magical nocturnal opening of the new Magnolias whose buds we had collected that day. And there, right next to the cabin, was another incredible Meriania in bloom, with the biggest flowers we had yet seen, and with a sweet fragrance so overpowering that it almost made me ill. This also turned out to be new species, as determined by Diana and Agnes’ later fieldwork, and it too has been published today, in the article linked above. It is named after the Rio Zunac river and reserve.

Another new species! Meriania zunacensis. Photo: Lou Jost
In this post I have only shown the Meriania species we saw on this trip, but we also saw many Blakea species and species from other genera of melastomes, which I will show in future posts. It was a remarkable experience to see, for the first time, so many dramatic new species not only of melastomes but of Magnolias, orchids, and other things. This reserve is a world treasure, and I am extremely grateful to our sponsors who have made it possible, especially the World Land Trust, IUCN-Netherlands and Netherlands Postcode Lottery, Rainforest Trust, Orchid Conservation Alliance, and of course Henri Botter and Ardy van Ooij.
Lou Jost, Executive Director, Fundacion EcoMinga

El mundo nos bombardea constantemente con incontables estímulos. Nuestros cerebros, para evitar ser sobrecargado por toda esta información, filtran activamente las cosas que no nos interesan incluso antes de que alcancen nuestra conciencia. Las personas que no son observadores de aves literalmente no ven o escuchan a la mayoría de las aves que se encuentran a su alrededor. Las personas que no se preocupan de los insectos piensan que solo hay dos o tres tipos de mosca, aunque sus ojos probablemente han visto cientos de tipos. Este filtrado no es malo; el mundo, especialmente nuestro mundo tropical, es abrumador en su diversidad. Si ponemos atención a todo no veríamos nada. Si pongo atención a cada musgo, hongo, ácaro, diatomea, mosquito y algas, nunca caminaría más de dos pasos hacia el bosque.












Incredible! Very interesting. Thank you for writing about the findings in the reserves.
Thanks Lars. The trip I wrote about here was one of the most exciting of my life. Along with the melastomes, there were also the wonderful new Magnolias and many other things. Very few places in the world could provide such experiences.
So well described. You make me very aware of what I am undoubtedly missing thanks to my own obtuse filters! Would love to bring some students and see this one day.
As you know, you are welcome to do that. Who knows what other filters we will have learned to break through by then? Diatoms and epiphylls are starting to sneak through my filters these days….more about those in a future post. Soon it will take an hour to make two steps in the forest….
Lou: You do such a good job of documenting the biology of your area. Keep up the good work. Tom Croat
Tom, thanks for the kind words, that means a lot to me. I hope you visit us again; we now have easy access to many elevations, a very extensive trail system, forest stations, and logistical support capacity. You would discover many aroids here!